Compound metal body and process of producing same.



No. SOA-,163. PATENTED'JJLY 2'1, 1908.

- J. EMONNOT. ,y OOMEOUND METAL BODY ANO EEOOESS'OE EEODOOING SAME.

- APPLICATION FILD APB.. 17. 1907.

INVENTOE Mmmt,

BY Qummwa] ATTORNEYS currar) STATES PATENT lmarron.

`TOHN F. MONNOT, OF

NEW YORK,.N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO DUPLEX METALS COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. I

COMPOUN-D METAL BODY AND PROCESS PRODUCING SAME Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented July 21, 1908.

Original application led September 6, 1906, Serial No. 333,670. Divided and this application filed April 17, 1907. Serial No. 368,770.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. MoNNoT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State ofN ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Com ound Metal Bodies and Processes of Pro ucing Same; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descr' such as will enable others sxilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to compound metal bodies and processes of producing the same, and consists in a compound metal body comprising a metal of relatively low melting point or volatilization point, oran alloy or metal-mixture containing suchv a-metal, permanently and indissolubly united to av metal of high melting point, and in the rocess of producing such com ou'nd meta bodies; also, broadly, in meta s of unlike nature permanently and indissolubly united by an intermediate layer of a third met-al, and in the process of producing such compound metal odies.

The present application is a division of my prior application filed Sept, 6, 1906, Sr. No. 333,570, u on which has issued PatentNo. 853,716, ated May 14, -1907 itself based upon an earlier application filed June 16, 1905,' Sr. No. 265,508, in which patent and prior application the subject-matter of this invention is substantially disclosed, but not specifically claimed.

Steel and the ferrous metals generally do 4not readily unite to wholly unlike metals,

suchas copper, silver, etc., either bycast-on unions or even by electro-plating, and even when an apparent union is produced, the two metals usually (and, so far as I am aware, always, when the unions are produced bythe methods described in the prior art) separate during subsequent working, if the working be carried far enough, or may be se arated readily by the action of heat or shock or by means of a cutting tool, the tool following readily the line of juncture. vIn my said prior ap lications I have set forth a discovery ma e by me, which is that the lack of affinity between ferrous metals (steel, for example) and such unlike metals, which subsists at all' common temperaturesand which renders difficult their direct union by any of A 1pt-ion of the same,'

'of entering into permanent union with iron,

steel and like ferrous metals, I have applied the term supermolten condition, and in my said Patent No. 853,716 I have claimed broadly the process of uniting such unlike metals involvlng the bringing of one of them to the supermolten condition. Iron or steel unites with unlike metals, such as mentioned, when the latter are in this supermolten condition, in a manner and for a reason not well understood; but probably the su ermolten metal when rst contacted with t e iron or steel surface immediately wets the same thoroughly, The resulting union seems to be, for all practical purposes, equivalent to a perfect we d, -but I do not confine myself to any particular theory as to whether such union is in fact a weld, or is produced by an intermediate layer of the two metals alloyed or intermingled together or in solution. one in the other, or by an -extremely eflicient mechanical interlocking. The supermolten temperature of copper-appears to be from 2500 to`2800 or higher; it being difiicult to determine accurately Isuch high tempera,

tures; and the supermolten temperatures of silver, gold, and other metals of approximately the same melting point. are mfthe same neighborhood.

When it is desired to unite brass or other alloys or metal-mixtures containing tin or other metal of relatively low volatilizat-ion temperature to iron or steel or likeferrous metal, or when it'is desired to unite tinor like readily-volatilizable metal in the same manner, practical diiiiculties are encountered, owing to the fact that these metals volatilize below the desired supermolten temperature. However, these metals and alloys unite readily, at ordinary cas-ting temperatures, or thereabouts, with copper, silver, aluminum, and like non-ferrous metals;

which metals, in turn, are capable of being heated to a supermolten temperature at which they will unite readily with ferrous metals. When I desire to unite brass and other alloys containing readily-volatilizable :las

- ingredients, or which for other reasons should not or cannot be heated to the desired high to a high temperature, I first formvon the iron or steel or like metal a coating, prefer ably a thin coating or film, of copper, silver yor other metal capable of being heated to the desired supermolten temperature and capable of unitlng at a lower temperature to the desired metal, and then unite this desired metal with the coating of copper or the like so formed. y

In the accompanying drawings I illustrate apparatus such as may be .used in carrying out my said process.

In said drawings: Figure 1 represents a sectional view of one formof a aratus for carryin out the said process; 1g. 2 shows in detai section the construction of the bottom plate and lower portion of the casing of such a paratus. l view o1P an alternative form of casing which my be employed.

n Fig. 1, 1 1s a preliminary heating chamber for the ingot or core or object to be coated; 2 is a furnace for heating a crucible 3 containing the supermolten metal for forming the intermediate coating to unite the two metals; and 4 is afsecond similar crucible, which may contain the brass or other metal of which the second or main coating is to be has a weighted hea ,11 Whic formed.

It will be understood that in practice the furnace or heating means will be so constructed as to maintain in each Crucible' the desired temperature and, when necessary, to maintain a considerable difference of temverature of the metals' in the two crucibles. eans for accomplishing this are Well known to those skilled in the art.

5 designates a power hoist, here shown as an electrical hoist, mounted on a suitable track so that-it can be moved from place to place; and from said hoist is suspended, by means of a porter bar 6, the ingot 7, which is the object to be coated. Said mgot is shown surrounded by a casing 8 having an internal diameter slightly larger than theexternal diameterof the ingot, and to said casing is connected la pipe 9, a portion of which is liexible, said ipe provided with a three-way valve 10. 's plpe and the valve 10 are provided for supplying to the casing, when esired, an atmosphere of indifferent or neutral gas, such as roducer as.

insures that when the casing is lowered intothe molten metal it shall sinkl .therein to the desired depth.

12 designates a bottom plate for the'casing arranged to be securedzto the -ingot 7., itself, by means of a screw'l'g. -Saidbottom plate Fig. 3 shows a sectional- `7, peviously prepare pic Casing 8v I is provided with a raised rib or ring 14 match-l ing a corresponding groove 15 in the lower edge of the casing, and ada ted lto coact` with said groove to make a tig t joint. For

raising and lowering the casing 8 with respect to the ingot 7, a s ecial hoist 16, sus pended'like porter bar 6 om hoist 5, is provided. It has, as shown, two winding drums 17 upon which are wound two cables 18 connected to opposite sides of the casing, so that said casing may be raised and lowered truly vertically.

I customaril provide each crucible with a loose removab e cover 19, only one of which is shown in Fig. 1, which cover is designed to exclude air from the molten metal so far as ossible, and is removed only when and so ong as necessary to lower an ingot and casing into the crucible, or to mspect the molten metal, or for similar reason. To further exclude air from the surfaceof theA molten metal, I cover so much 'of its surface as possible with.a layer of charcoal, a ring 20 of refractory material which iioats on the surface'of the molten instal serving to maintain a clear space in the center for the passage of ,the ingot and casing. To assist in forming a tight 'oint between the bottom plate and casing, l provide'in the groove 15 suitable packing material 21.

The casing and associated parts shown in Fig. 3 are substantially the same as above described; but the casing 8 is provided in addition with inlets 23 near its upper end, saidinlets arranged to be closed at will by a slidshield or valve 24. n carrying out the (process, a core or ingot by Sandblasting and ing, or in any other suitable way, is laced within the heating chamber 1, which Icustomarily heat by assing around it hot roducer gas or ro ucts of combustion. en the core has een heated to the proper degree, the -hoist 5 with the casing 8 suspended therefrom is moved over chamber 1, 11o

the orterbar 6 is lowered and attached to the ingot, and then said in ot is raised into casing 8, then preferably ed with a neutral protective atmosphere, such as that producer gas made from-charcoal or coke. The casing and ingot are then moved over the crucble 3 containing the supermolten metal, the casing and ingot are then lowered to about the surface of the molten metal, and the ingot is lowered from the casing into the supermolten metal, and after a few seconds,

durin which the supermolten metal is form#- ing a m coating on the surface of said ingot,

sald ingot is raised into the casing vSfagain (said casing being still filled with thevprotective atmosphere) the bottom plate 12 is applied to the ingot, the casing and ingot are `moved over the second bath 4, and lowered to near the surface of the molten metal therein, and then the ingot and bottom plate are 4 lowered linto the molten metal and immediately thereafter the casing is lowered into the molten metal until it contacts with the bot-- tom plate, Segre ating from the molten metal as it deseen s the layer of such molten metal in immediate contact with the filmcoated surface of the ingot. The filled casing, closed at the bottom by the bottom plate,

is then raised, and the molten metal is erz to be inappreciable or nearly so,

and'sal The operation withl the form of casing shown in Fig. 3 is substantiall the same, except that the bottom plate 1s applied and caused to close the bottom of the casing, before dip ing the casing in the second bath 4;

dp casing, closed atV the bottom, is then lowered into the metal in bath 4, and as the coated with supermolten copper or silver,

openings 23 near the surface of the molten metal/the closure 24 is raised so that fthecasing fills through said openings.

The above-described process is applicable not only to the coating of iron or steel With brass, bronzes, tin, etc., but is applicable to thecoating of iron or steel Wit metals of higher melting point when, for any reason, it is desired to unite such metal to the iron or steel'base or core by means of an intermediate layer of another metal. `For example, instead of uniting aluminum directly to the iron or steel base,said base may first be filmand then the aluminum applied in the second bath 4, said bath being maintained at a temperature, above the melting point, convenlent for the handling of aluminum.

In an application filed April 13, 1907, Sr. No. 367,985 I have claimed ay process of producing compound or clad metal bodies comprising contacting a surface of one metal with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal and confining a portion of the metal from such -supermolten mass, of substantial thickness in contact with such surface, and causing it to solidify thereon. In another application Sr. No. 367,986, filed April 13, 1907, I have claimed a process of producing com-l pound or clad metal articles comprising contacting the surface of a metal unlike gold with a supermolten mass of a third metal and then casting molten gold or molten goldcomprising metal, against the surface so treated. In an application filed April 24, 1907, Sr. No, 369,995, I have claimed a process of forming compound or clad metal articles com rising contacting a body of metal unlike silver with a supermolten mass of a third metal and then contacting the surface so treated with a mass -of molten silver and causing a layer thereof to solidifythereon. In an application filed April 24, 1907, Sr. No: 369,997 I have claimed a process of forming compound or clad metal objects comprising contacting the surface of a metal unlike metals of the light metal group (aluminum etc), with a supermolten mass of a third metal and then contacting the surface so treated with a Amolten mass of a metal of the light metal group and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon. In an application 'filed June 19, 1908, Sr. No. 439,284 I have claimed compound or clad metal articles comprising a coating of cop er, silver, gold, aluminum and like metals, al oyed with ferrous metals, weld united to ferrousl metals, and a process of making such articles. Therefore, I. do not claim such inventions herein.

What I claim is u 1. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal 4with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal and then contacting the coating formed by such supermolten 'metal' with a molten mass of a third metal and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

2. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one vsuch metal with a supermolten,n mass of an unlike metal, withdrawing such surface from the supermolten metal after the formation upon it of a weld-film, and then contacting the filmed surface with a molten mass of a third metal and causing a layer thereof to solidifyv thereon.

3. The process of producing compound bodiesof unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal, and thereby forming a coating on such surface, withdrawing the so-coated object from the supermolten metal under conditions precluding oxidation, and then lof contacting the coated surface with a molten mass of a third metal and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

4. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal, and thereby forming a coating on such surface, withdrawing the so-coated object from the supermolten metal and then contacting the coated surface with a molten mass of a third metal and segregating from such mass a substantial layer thereof in proximity to such coated surface and causing it to solidify thereon.

5. The process of producing compound bodies which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with a supermolten mass of anl unlike metal and thereby forming a coating on such surface and then contacting the coating so formed with a molten mass of a metal which, from its nature, may not be heated to` so high a temperature, and causing a layer of such third metal to solidify thereon.

6. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with 'a supermolten mass of an unlike metal and thereby forming a coating on such surface and then contacting the 'coating lso formed with a molten mass of an alloy containing areadily-volatilizable metal and causing a layer of such third metal to solidify thereon.

7. The process f of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together, which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal and thereby forming a coating on such surface and then contacting the coating so formed with a molten mass of an alloy containing zinc and causing a layer of such alloy to solidify thereo 8. The process `of producing compound of unlike metals united together,

' which consists in contacting a surface of one such metal with a supermolten mass of an unlike metal and thereby forming a coating on such surface and then contacting the coating so formed with a molten mass of brass and causing a layer of such brass to solidify thereon.,

9. The process of producing compound bodies of unlike metals united together,

which 'consists in contacting a surface of steel with a supermolten mass of copper and vbodies of thereby forming a coating on such surface and then contacting the coating so formed with a moltenmass of acopper alloy and causing a layer of such alloy to solidify thereon., 0 The rocess of roducing compound errous an non-ferrous metals welded together'which consists in contacting the surface of a ferrous-metal object with a molten mass of a metal of the other such grou having a melting point above 900 F., suc

forming a coating on suc Iin the presence .l t second metal maintained at a temperature' much above its melting 1point, and thereby surface, and then contacting the coating so formed with a molten mass of another metal and causing a layer of such other metal to solidify thereon. 11. As` a new article of manufacture, a ferrous base having a poreless dense coating of another metal inseparably united thereto by an intermediate layer of a third metal.

12. As an article of manufacture, a'ferrous base having a poreless dense coating of an alloy inseparably united thereto by an intermediate layer of a third metal. l

13. As an article of manufacture, a ferrous base having a poreless dense coating of a copper alloy inseparably united thereto by an intermediate layer of a third metal.

14. As an article of manufacture, a ferrous base having a oreless dense coatingof a zinc alloy insepara ly united thereto by an intervmediate layer of a third metal. 4

15. As an article of manufacture, a ferrous base having a poreless dense coating of brass inseparably united thereto by an intermediate layer of-copper. p

16. As an article of manufacture, a ferrous base having welded thereto a coating of copper and having united to said copper coating a layer of another metal.

17. As a new article of manufacture, an extendedmetal article comprising a ferrous metal base and a continuous poreless, dense coating of a copper alloy, united thereto by a union resisting temperature changes, cutting tools, and mechanical stresses, said ferrous base and' copper alloy coating having been extended together.

18. As a new article of manufacture, an

extended metal article comprising a ferrous V metal base and a continuous porelessdense coating of brass, united thereto by a'union resisting temperature changes, cutting tools,

vand mechanical stresses, said ferrous base and brass coating having been extended together.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature,

of'two witnesses.

JOHN F. MoNNon Witnesses:

J F. KINDER, H. M. MARBLE. 

